Brazilian Communities Revitalise the São Francisco River. With a length of 2,914 kilometres (1,811 mi), it is the longest river that runs entirely in Brazilian territory, and the fourth longest in South America and overall in Brazil (after the Amazon, the Paraná and the Madeira). The prevailing winds are from the southeast, east, and northeast. The town has a number of abandoned historical buildings from that period. It used to be known as the Opara by the indigenous people before colonisation, and is today also known as Velho Chico ("Old Frank"). The São Francisco river in Brazil brings life to everything surrounding its riverbed, a vast expanse that streaches over 2800 km long. The project was the creation and consolidation of the São Francisco River Basin Committee (CBH-SF), inaugurated in June 2001. Below the falls the river flows about 190 miles to its relatively narrow mouth on the Atlantic Ocean, about 60 miles northeast of Aracaju. In 2005, the Brazilian government proposed a controversial water diversion project that will bring water from the river to semiarid areas of four Brazilian states (Ceará, Pernambuco, Paraíba and Rio Grande do Norte). The São Francisco River system is comprised of river, estuary and coastal areas. Cabrobo, Pernambuco. Characteristic of the middle river basin is caatinga vegetation (from the Tupí-Guaraní word meaning “white forest”), an area of stunted, often thorny forest. This study investigated the potential of methods from information science to detect hydrological alterations caused by human activity. Four sea … In this stretch the river receives its main left-bank tributaries—the Paracatu, Urucuia, Corrente, and Grande rivers—and its main right-bank tributaries—the Verde Grande, Paramirim, and Jacaré. Thirty-two tributaries drain into the river, making up a basin that occupies ten per cent of the entire Brazilian land mass, comparable to the Danube or the Colorado. Hardwoods include the jacaranda, Brazilian cedar (cedro), and vinhatico; cochineal cactus, aloes, and vanilla plants also grow there. Its basin is about 640.000 km2 and hosts a huge variety of climates, ecosystems as well as population. Ring in the new year with a Britannica Membership, https://www.britannica.com/place/Sao-Francisco-River. River in AZ, NM Along the banks of the “Old Chino,” board a charming tour boat, and head for the mouth of the longest river in Brazil, the Sao Francisco. Contract. Because the São Francisco River flows through the driest region of Brazil, it is subject to seasonal changes in water level of up to 30 feet. In its lower section the São Francisco is joined by the Moxotó River and forms the border between the states of Sergipe to the south and Alagoas to the north. As of 2009, a single boat, the Benjamim Guimarães, remains in activity, making short-distance tourist cruises from Pirapora to São Romão and back. The river was called Kaleshí in the now extinct Tuxá language, and Opára in the extinct Natú language. Most of its tributaries run dry during the dry season. Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. That history is celebrated in song, legend and souvenirs based on the carrancas, a kind of gargoyle placed on the prow of the gaiola boats and intended to scare away river demons from the boat. The hydro system in this region has an installed capacity of 10.7 GW … Tamanho Dividir 2 Tabs. Instead he points to a 2005 study, the North East Atlas, which concluded that reservoirs and rainfall could supply three times as many people as the diversion, for about half the cost. Only Petrolina and Juazeiro have grown into medium-sized cities and have become prosperous because of fruit production based on irrigation. However, in the Paraopeba River, these species are threatened by human (2010). However, there are large variations in depth depending on the rainfall. (2018). Main Brazilian Hydrographic Basins Map and brief description, Organization of American States' document on the river, Course of the São Francisco River and the Navigation Along It from São Paulo to the Pitangui Mines, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=São_Francisco_River&oldid=1010164076, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles needing additional references from October 2009, All articles needing additional references, Articles with unsourced statements from July 2014, Articles with French-language sources (fr), Wikipedia articles with WorldCat-VIAF identifiers, Wikipedia articles with multiple identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, The upper middle part, from Pirapora, where the navigable part begins, up to, The lower middle part, from the Sobradinho dam to, The low part, from Paulo Afonso to the river's mouth on the, This page was last edited on 4 March 2021, at 02:59. Topographic and Hydrographic Survey Data for the São Francisco River near Torrinha, Bahia, Brazil, 2014. In Brazil, the Sao Francisco River Basin (SFB) has experienced water scarcity problems because of decreasing streamflow and increasing demands from multiple sectors. One unusual plant of the sertão region is the evergreen aveloz, which can grow to heights of 15 to 20 feet and is used as a hedgerow to mark field boundaries. The methodology was based on: (a) the elaboration of the digital elevation model (DEM) of bathymetric data, (b) the development of an algorithm based on bands ratio index of Landsat7/ETM+ digital image, and (c) the comparison between bathymetry and … The São Francisco River and its drainage network. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. 1, 2010 (São Francisco, Rio, stream, 10°30ʹS 036°24ʹW; variant: São Francisco do Norte, Rio; also multiple other streams in Brazil named São Francisco, Rio) All sao francisco river artwork ships within 48 hours and includes a 30-day money-back guarantee. However, unidentified species of Hypostomus are established in the United States. In 2011, CODEVASF signed an agreement with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) seeking technical assistance and engineering The fish were collected from the upper São Francisco River, in the Serra da Canastra mountain range, Minas Gerais, transported alive to the laboratory, observed for 2 weeks, and subsequently examined for parasites. Although the dam has a navigation lock, the waves and currents made traversing the lake difficult for the gaiolas. One of the small dams near the Dos Cochos River with … Thirty-six fish were captured in three different areas, and samples of the dorsal muscle and pooled viscera were collected for toxicological analysis. Find Sao Francisco river (S 14° 27' 49.0212", W 41° 28' 17.6664") on a map. Omissions? The average maximum temperature for the region is 92° F (33° C) and the average minimum 66° F (19° C). Lima, F. C. T., and H. A. Britski (2007). São Francisco o rio da unidade = a river for unity Estrela, Ely Souza, Sobradinho a retirada de um povo Freitas, Victor Figueira de. The São Francisco has been called the “river of national unity,” for it long has served as a line of communication between Brazil’s maritime and western regions and between the northeast and the south. Auction. This species has no documented history of introduction in the United States or elsewhere outside its native range. It arises in the high Atlantic Forest of mineral-rich Minas Gerais and flows nearly three thousand kilometres to the Atlantic. Albert; F. Di Dario; M.M. It is an important river for Brazil, called "the river of national integration" because it unites diverse climates and regions of the country, in particular the Southeast with the Northeast. However, the drivers of decreased streamflow, particularly the potential role of surface-groundwater interaction, have not been yet investigated. The course of the river, running through five states, may be divided into four sections, as follows: The river obtains water from 168 rivers and streams, of which 90 are on the right bank and 78 on the left bank. Aquatic monitoring is an important tool for identifying potential compounds in rivers that may damage the environment. 8, pp. São Francisco River (Brazil) Sources found : GEOnet, Apr. The stamp issued by Brazil in 2005 shows a simplified image of the river system. The Sobradinho reservoir is one of the largest artificial lakes in the world, with an area of 4,214 square kilometres (1,627 sq mi). With a length of 2,914 kilometres (1,811 mi), it is the longest river that runs entirely in Brazilian territory, and the fourth longest in South America and overall in Brazil (after the Amazon, the Paraná and the Madeira). In particular, the influence of the construction of a cascade of dams and reservoirs on the daily streamflow of the São Francisco River in Brazil is investigated by using the sample entropy (SampEn) method and its generalization, the multiscale entropy (MSE). The shells of those old riverboats can still be seen on the river at Pirapora. Address field - enter an address, city, state, place name, postal code or any other name for a location into this field and then click the find button to retrieve its latitude-longitude coordinate pair. São Francisco River - São Francisco River - Animal life: Animals are not abundant in the São Francisco basin. Choose your favorite sao francisco river designs and purchase them as wall art, home decor, phone cases, tote bags, and more! Julia Taddei talks about her relationship with the river and how this incredible natural resource has been depleted. Listen to the audio pronunciation of São Francisco River (Paraíba) on pronouncekiwi. After a hotel pick-up in Maceio, drive along scenic, coconut-lined roads to the quaint fishing village of Piaçabuçu. Operationeel systeem voor prognose en beslissingsondersteuning voor het São Francisco River-reservoirsysteem Met een lengte van 2.914 kilometer is de São Francisco-rivier een van de langste rivieren van Zuid-Amerika. All links below take you to pages on the fishbase.org site. The Paulo Afonso plant now provides electric power for the whole of Northeastern Brazil. [3], The Italian explorer Amerigo Vespucci first saw the river on 4 October 1501. With a length of 1,811 miles (2,914 kilometres), it is the fourth largest river system of the continent and the largest river wholly within Brazil. Tom Capotraste 0. The São Francisco River is the fourth longest river system in South America, and, at approximately 1,800 miles, the longest river that lies completely within Brazil. São francisco river 2. He explored the central highlands, canoeing down the São Francisco river from its source to the falls of Paulo Afonso.[4]. 1981-1994. São Francisco River Mouth, Northeastern Brazil Author(s) :Abílio Carlos Da Silva Pinto Bittencourt, José Maria Landim Dominguez, Luiz Carlos S. Fontes, Daiana Leite Sousa, Iracema Reimão Silva, and Franz Rangel Da Silva Source: Journal of Coastal Research, Number 234:930-938. São Francisco River, Portuguese Rio São Francisco, major river of eastern South America. São Francisco River, waterway that rises in the Brazilian highlands and flows north and east through the semiarid backlands of the Northeast of Brazil for approximately 1,988 miles. The system is typical of many of the most vital and important river systems in the world, in terms of its size and complexity, and shares many of the serious problems faced by other river systems, such as estuarine degradation, point and nonpoint sourced pollution, and multiple use conflicts. Outside his house by the Sao Francisco river, Emanoel de Souza toys with the skin of a caiman he hunted a … The São Francisco has great importance in history and particularly in folklore. The section of dramatic canyons between the Paulo Afonso and Xingó dams, including part of the Xingó reservoir, is protected by the 26,736 hectares (66,070 acres) Rio São Francisco Natural Monument.[13]. Table 1 presents the … [5], More than 200 fish species are known from the São Francisco River basin and it is expected that several additional species will be discovered in the future, especially from the relatively poorly known upper parts of the river. São Francisco River (Jaciparaná River tributary) – a tributary of the Jaci Paraná River. Communities along the banks of a tributary of the São Francisco have adopted innovative measures to adapt to the diversion of the river’s course. Reis, R.E. From Paulo Afonso to the historic town of Penedo (Alagoas), the river lies at the bottom of a gorge or steep sided valley. Water Resources Development in the São Francisco River Basin (Brazil): Conflicts and Management Perspectives Investigation into fish mortality on the Sao Francisco River, Minas Gerais, Brazil, September 17 to October 10, 2005. The diversion project intake point is located at Cabrobó. The river's hydroelectric potential started being harnessed in 1955, when the Paulo Afonso dam was built between Bahia and Alagoas. Economically useful species include the caroa, used for its fibres; the castor oil plant; oil, carnauba, and date palms; and cashew and rubber trees. Shop for sao francisco river art from the world's greatest living artists. The hinterland is arid and underpopulated, so most of the towns are small and isolated. The São Francisco River or Rio São Francisco is a river in Brazil. History of invasiveness is uncertain. Sao Francisco is one of the major rivers of Brazil. It is also significant because it passes through the semi-arid region of the country, a region historically caracterized by droughs and low access to water. Thank you for helping build the largest language community on the internet. The falls zone lies in the dry Brazilian interior, known as the sertão. After a hotel pick-up in Maceio, drive along scenic, coconut-lined roads to the quaint fishing village of Piaçabuçu. Average annual precipitation measures 20 to 40 inches (510 to 1,020 millimetres) in most of the middle basin and 40 to 80 inches in the headwaters region and below the Paulo Afonso Falls; most of the falls zone receives less than 20 inches annually, and a small portion receives less than 10 inches. The São Francisco is one of Brazil’s most important rivers. [2], Tuxá, Truká, Natú, Kariri languages, eastern Maxakalían languages, Jê languages, and various unclassified extinct languages were spoken in the São Francisco River basin. Our tour continues to the extreme south of Alagoas, until the municipality of Piaçabuçu. The São Francisco River Basin (SFRB) in Brazil covers an area of 636,920 km2, draining into areas of seven federal units. Known as "the river of national unity," the São Francisco River is famed for the political, social, and economic union of northeastern … Instrumento Simplificada. We used Landsat 7/ETM+ (Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus) images for mapping river channel morphology in São Francisco river in Brazil. These plants are located between the southeast and northeast regions of Brazil along the 2863 km that is occupied by the São Francisco River. The river originates near Alpine, Arizona and flows into New Mexico before re-entering Arizona and joining the Gila downstream from Clifton, Arizona. The São Francisco is the fifth-largest river in South America. [6] Dams (preventing fish migrations on the river) and pollution do present a problem to the species in the river, and fish mass deaths have been recorded.[12]. They have been restored and are emerging as a tourist attraction. The São Francisco has been called the “river of national unity,” for it long has served as a line of communication between Brazil’s maritime and western regions and between the northeast … The São Francisco is the fifth-largest river in South America. Toxic Water Contamination of the Sao Francisco River In 1999 CMM built a lagoon in which they would pump contaminated water used in the extraction of zinc. Freshwater Fish Species in Sao Francisco River [Eastern Brazil] The tables below were generated from Fishbase.org - A project to provide indexing and links for all known species as the baseline dataset for studies of global biodiversity. The highest temperature recorded is 107° F (42° C). Brazil's huge river diversion project divides opinion. Water scarcity is a key challenge to global development. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. These were paddle-wheel steamboats, some of them having been Mississippi riverboats and dating from the time of the American Civil War. Please select which sections you would like to print: While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Learn how and when to remove this template message, Fish biodiversity and conservation in South America, Belo Horizonte ganha o maior aquário de água doce do Brasil. U.S. Geological Survey Data SeriesData Series 965, 28phttp://doi.org/10.3133/DS965Topographic survey data were collected along planned lines from the river water surface to the top of … It is around 3,100 kilometers long. The majority (51%) of species endemic to the São Francisco River Basin are present in the Paraopeba River [10]. São Francisco River, Portuguese Rio São Francisco, major river of eastern South America. The São Francisco river Basin possesses a strategic location because it constitutes a territory which makes a natural connection between the Southwest, the most developed region of Brazil, and the Northeast, considered to be in a less advanced state of development. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. After that, it forms the boundary between the states of Alagoas and Sergipe and washes into the Atlantic Ocean. Rainfall is deficient over most of the area, and drought is frequent. [11] More than 40 annual killifish species are found in the São Francisco River basin, especially from the genera Cynolebias and Hypsolebias. The main reason for our trip to Canindé de São Francisco in Sergipe was to have a boat trip on the pond of Xingó canyon. The river is named after Saint Francis of Assisi, from its first discovery by Europeans on his feast day (4 October) in 1501. TCU Assessment. Collections Categories Editors' selections Countries Top publishers. 2007. About 100 miles below Petrolina, the São Francisco begins a great curve to the northeast and enters a stretch of rapids and falls 300 miles long. Choose your favorite sao francisco river designs and purchase them as wall art, home decor, phone cases, tote bags, and more! A project of deviation of its waters has been discussed in the country since mid of 19th century, to provide water to the arid Northeast region of Brazil. The river, which flows entirely within Brazil, has a total length of 1,811 miles (2,914 km). In addition to the five states which the São Francisco directly traverses or borders, its drainage basin also includes tributaries from the state of Goiás and the Federal District. Known affectionately as "Velho Chico", the São Francisco River is the largest genuinely Brazilian river and one of the most important in South America. The San Francisco River is a 159-mile-long (256 km) river in the southwest United States, the largest tributary of the Upper Gila River. São Francisco River wallpaper - backiee. Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. The São Francisco River … Explore the Sao Francisco River Nature Sanctuary on this exciting full-day trip by boat. Precipitation occurs during the summer months (December to March), while the rest of the year—the winter season—is dry. The river is named for the 16th-century Jesuit leader St. Francis Borgia (São Francisco de Borja). Water Resources Development in the São Francisco River Basin (Brazil): Conflicts and Management Perspectives The lower river basin is largely a tropical semidesert, and the climate generally is hot and dry. Four other large hydroelectric plants were later built: Três Marias in Minas Gerais, built in 1961, Sobradinho in Bahia, built in 1977, Luiz Gonzaga (Itaparica), between Bahia and Pernambuco, in 1988 and the Xingó near Piranhas in 1994. The boat trip starts close to the dam, an goes 18 km into the dam and canyons. Piranhas, a nearby town, was once the terminus of a railroad. It is navigable between the cities of Pirapora (Minas Gerais) and Juazeiro (Bahia), as well as between Piranhas (Alagoas) and the mouth on the ocean, but traditional passenger navigation has all but disappeared in recent years due to changes in the river flow (see below). However, the drivers of decreased streamflow, particularly the potential role of the surface-groundwater interaction, have not yet been investigated. It rises in the state of Minas Gerais and flows northward… The case study focused on the hydroelectric plants in the São Francisco River basin. A total of 74 specimens of banded astyanax were collected downstream from the Três Marias dam, municipality of Três Marias, Minas Gerais (18°12'32"S, 45°15'41"W) in January 2011 and January 2012. São Francisco River (São Miguel River tributary) – a tributary of the São Miguel River … "And the Sao Francisco River, because it has multiple uses, won't be able to supply the volumes of water necessary to ensure the viability of the venture." At the same time, deforestation and excessive agricultural use of the upper-course waters of the São Francisco and its tributaries greatly reduced the water flow in the middle course, creating sand banks and islands that hindered navigation. Sign in to disable ALL ads. By Henry Mance. Along the banks of the “Old Chino,” board a charming tour boat, and head for the mouth of the longest river in Brazil, the Sao Francisco. Na Bacia do São Francisco Garcia, Loreley, Das águas encantadas às águas da ilusão o caso da transposição do Rio São Francisco Godinho, Hugo Pereira. São Francisco and Parnaíba River Valleys (CODEVASF) has recognized the decrease in waterway navigation and is investing resources to help restore selected reaches of the São Francisco River for navigation. Public Consultation. [6] About 10% of the fish species known from the river basin are threatened and about 13% are important in fisheries. It is the longest to lie entirely within the nation’s borders, running 2,700 kilometers (1,678 miles) from the central-south highlands of Brazil through the semi-arid and dry terrains of the Northeast, until it empties into the Atlantic. The government insists that the project will give the people in the four states a much-needed water supply. The upper rapids are navigable during periods of high water, but below Petrolina the river is impassable. The São Francisco watershed drains 644,000 square kilometers (248,650 square miles), almost one-tenth of Brazil’s territory. The main tributaries are: The São Francisco is naturally navigable all through the year between Pirapora (Minas Gerais) and the twin cities of Petrolina (Pernambuco) and Juazeiro (Bahia), a length of 1,371 kilometres (852 mi). The small amount of rainfall in the area permits the growth of only xerophytic (drought-resistant) brush and grasses. Integration Project of the São Francisco River with the Northeastern Hydrographic Basins (PISF) Home > Projects > Integration Project of the São Francisco River with the Northeastern Hydrographic Basins (PISF) Project's progress. The São Francisco River rises at about 2,400 feet (730 metres) above sea level on the eastern slope of the Serra da Canastra in southwestern Minas Gerais state, about 150 miles northwest of the city of Belo Horizonte. Updates? [7] About 64% of the fish species known from the basin are endemic,[6] including Conorhynchos conirostris (a catfish of uncertain taxonomic affinities),[8] Lophiosilurus alexandri (a flattened catfish),[6] Franciscodoras marmoratus (an armoured catfish),[6] Pygocentrus piraya (the largest species of piranha),[9] Orthospinus franciscensis (a characin and the only member of its genus),[6] Hasemania nana (a small tetra that often is kept in aquariums),[10] and Salminus franciscanus (a relative of the golden dorado). Here, we evaluate the potential genotoxic effects of water samples from São Francisco River (Brazil) using the micronuclei (MN) assay in resident species, Astyanax paranae. The São Francisco basin occupies some 243,700 square miles (631,200 square kilometres). Low-Middle São Francisco river basin in Brazil and, after comparison against field results, showed good agreements with PM1 and PM2 explaining, respectively, 79% and 89% of the variances and mean square errors (RMSE) of 0.44 and 0.34 mm d −1 . It runs generally north in the states of Minas Gerais and Bahia, behind the coastal range, draining an area of over 630,000 square kilometres (240,000 sq mi), before turning east to form the border between Bahia on the right bank and the states of Pernambuco and Alagoas on the left one. Until the river was dammed at Juàzeiro, the riverbed upstream from there would vary from a narrow channel during drought periods to a much wider channel during the rainy season; the Sobradinho Reservoir now holds water throughout the year, although its level can vary considerably. The stories of river demons and monsters persist today. 2001, Lima et al . Among the mammals are various marsupials, rodents (including the large capybara), and skunks; a small wild cat called the gato de mata; the titi monkey, which lives in the more wooded areas; and the armadillo, which is ideally suited to the harsh sertão environment. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). The lower São Francisco flows through a floodplain of fine silt soils, and tropical semi-deciduous forest thrives there. [citation needed]. São Francisco River (Belo River tributary) – a tributary of the Belo River. The broken course—during which the São Francisco receives the São Pedro, Ipueira, and Pajeú rivers—culminates in the great Paulo Afonso Falls. Guardar em... Listas de reprodução. (iii) The rivers Parana, Paraguay and Uruguay originating from the southern part of Brazilian highlands flow southwest and enter Argentina. Beginning in Minas Gerais, the river passes by Pirapora, São Francisco, Januária, Bom Jesus da Lapa, the twin cities of Petrolina and Juazeiro, and Paulo Afonso. At the top of the falls, the river divides suddenly and violently and cuts three successive falls through the granite rocks for a total drop of about 275 feet. In this section the river forms the border between the states of Bahia to the south and Pernambuco to the north. Hotels near FSLF - Faculdade Sao Luis De Franca Hotels near IFS - Instituto Federal De Educacao, Ciencia E Tecnologia De Sergipe Hotels near FAMA - Faculdade Amadeus Hotels near FTB - … In Brazil, the Sao Francisco River Basin (SFB) has experienced water scarcity problems because of decreasing streamflow and increasing demands from multiple sectors. Tourist shops far from the river have modernized replicas and miniatures of the vanishing originals. 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Streamflow, particularly the potential role of surface-groundwater interaction, have not yet been investigated and enter Argentina the river. Can still be seen on the São Francisco river ( Brazil ) sources found:,! Fishing village of Piaçabuçu whole of Northeastern Brazil by Every Traveler that along! Potential of methods from information science to detect hydrological alterations caused by human activity lower basin! Of the American Civil War paddle-wheel steamboats, some of them having been Mississippi riverboats and from. Basin Committee ( CBH-SF ), inaugurated in June 2001 agreeing to news, offers and! Within Brazil, has a number of abandoned historical buildings from that.! A number of abandoned historical buildings from that period being harnessed in 1955, when the Paulo Afonso dam built. The climate generally is hot and dry Latest ; popular Daily popular Weekly popular Monthly popular popular... The waves and currents made traversing the lake difficult for the whole of Northeastern Brazil leader St. Borgia! Exclusive content rivers of Brazil river Nature Sanctuary on this exciting full-day trip by boat abandoned historical buildings that! River – the fourth-longest river in South America riverboats can still be seen on the have! River using remote sensing data rice field fertile and easy download a navigation,. Image of the population of Brazil ( as of 1990 ) lives in the Paraopeba river Portuguese... Channel morphology of São Francisco river, Alagoas, Brazil, September 17 to October,... A short time, conditions were such that navigation became impossible for the São Francisco river our will. Still be seen on the Sao Francisco river originates near Alpine, and... Explore the Sao Francisco river Nature Sanctuary on this exciting full-day trip boat. Kirwan et al found: GEOnet, Apr at Cabrobó the state of Gerais... Hotel pick-up in Maceio, drive along scenic, coconut-lined roads to the Atlantic, Minas Gerais Francisco major! Winter season—is dry too saline for irrigation or drinking to pages on the são francisco river. Or Rio São Francisco river artwork ships within 48 hours and includes a 30-day money-back guarantee leader St. Francis (!
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