Currently, in addition to the expansion of the Christian faith and the Eastern Orthodox doctrine, the patriarchs are involved in ecumenism and interfaith dialogue, charitable work, and the defense of Orthodox Christian traditions. [40] In its early days the Turkish state promoted a rival Turkish Orthodox Patriarchate, whose congregation, however, has remained limited.[40]. For many decades Roman popes opposed this ambition, not because anyone thought of disputing their … The Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America, with its headquarters located in the City of New York, is an Eparchy of the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople, The mission of the Archdiocese is to proclaim the Gospel of Christ, to teach and spread the Orthodox Christian faith, to energize, cultivate, and guide the life of the Church in the United States of America according to the Orthodox Christian faith and tradition. The biblical appellation patriarch appeared occasionally in the 4th century to designate prominent Christian bishops. For example, the ecumenical status accorded him traditionally within Eastern Orthodoxy, and recognized previously by the Ottoman governments, has on occasion been a source of controversy within the Republic of Turkey. There is, however, no Orthodox notion equivalent to the papacy: the Orthodox churches operate in the synodical system, whereby ecclesiastical matters are settled by the competent synod of bishops, in which each bishop has one vote. Since the conquest by the Muslims, the Orthodox Patriarchs have been virtual prisoners in their own city. He should not be confused with the Latin Patriarch of Constantinople, an office that is now extinct. 0. The Patriarch of Constantinople is the Ecumenical Patriarch, ranking as the "first among equals" in the Eastern Orthodox communion. Turkish and Armenian Orthodox Christians in Turkey have independent churches. His official title is "His Most Divine All-Holiness the Archbishop of Constantinople New Rome and Ecumenical Patriarch". Orthodox Patriarchate of Moscow has excommunicated the "Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople. In addition to being spiritual leader of 300 million Orthodox Christians worldwide, he is the direct administrative superior of the (arch)dioceses serving some four million Ukrainian, Greek, Carpatho-Russian and Albanian Orthodox in the U.S., Canada, Central and South America, and Western Europe (where his flock consists mainly of the Greek, Slavic and other Balkan diaspora). However, in 2004 Patriarch Bartholomew, with the help of the Turkish government, succeeded, after eighty years, in altering the composition of the twelve-member Standing Synod of Metropolitan Bishops in Constantinople so that it can include six bishops from outside Turkey. That is, his primary role is one of promoting and sustaining Church unity. He has no direct jurisdiction over the other patriarchs or the other autocephalous Orthodox churches, but he, alone among his fellow primates, enjoys the right of convening extraordinary synods consisting of them or their delegates to deal with ad hoc situations and has also convened well-attended pan-Orthodox synods in the last 40 years. [a] Today, according to Turkish law, he is subject to the authority of the state of Turkey and is required to be a citizen of Turkey to be patriarch. the Roman Empire, and it stems from Canon 28 of the Council of Chalcedon. [39] The same policy also applied to the institution of the Islamic Caliphate, which was abolished by Turkey. When the Ottomans conquered Constantinople in 1453, the Patriarch at the time, Athanasius II, was killed along with the last ruling Byzantine Emperor, Constantine XI. The patriarch was designated millet-başı (ethnarch) of the Millet of Rum, which included all Orthodox Christians under Ottoman rule, regardless of their ethnicity in the modern sense. In 1454 he bestowed the office upon an illustrious Byzantine scholar-monk who was well known for his opposition to union with the Latin West, Gennadius Scholarius, who became Patriarch Gennadius II. Thus, the person of Bartholomew and by extension the position of the ecumenical patriarch is now being viewed as a religious spokesperson on environmental issues and the "green" spiritual leader in the world.[36]. The ecumenical patriarch of Constantinople is the direct administrative superior of dioceses and archdioceses serving millions of Greek, Ukrainian, Rusyn and Albanian believers in North and South America, Western Europe, Australia and New Zealand, Korea, as well as parts of modern Greece which, for historical reasons, do not fall under the jurisdiction of the Church of Greece. In 381, the First Council of Constantinople declared that "The Bishop of Constantinople shall have the primacy of honour after the Bishop of Rome, because it is New Rome" (canon iii). In his role as head of the Orthodox Church of Constantinople, he additionally holds the title Archbishop of Constantinople, New Rome. According to Eastern Orthodox tradition, the first Bishop of Byzantium was Andrew the Apostle, brother of Simon Peter. The Hagia Sophia was built for the first time by the emperor Constantine the Great (306-337), but was not finished until the end of the reign of his son Constantius II: in 360, to be precise. Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew, first in primacy in the Orthodox world and considered the spiritual leader of the world’s 300 million Orthodox Christians, didn’t hold back in his feelings about the schism that has resulted with the Orthodox Church of Russia and the Russian Church’s attempts to take away the primacy of Constantinople.. The Patriarch was designated ethnarch of the Christian millet, thus making him and the Church responsible for all Orthodox Christians under Ottoman rule, regardless of their nationality in the modern sense. Additionally, the canonical literature of the Orthodox Church grants to the ecumenical patriarch the right to hear appeals in cases of dispute between bishops. However, whether these canonical rights are limited only to his own patriarchate or are universal throughout the Orthodox Church is the subject of debate, especially between the Ecumenical Patriarchate and the Russian Orthodox Church. The office of Patriarch was handed to Gennadius II Scholarius in 1454 by the conquering Islamic Ottoman ruler, Sultan Mehmed II, who wished to show his dynasty as direct heirs to the Byzantines, adopting the imperial title Kayser-i-Rûm "Caesar of [Constantinople, the second] Rome", one of many subsidiary titles. Expropriation of Church property and the conditions of state control imposed on the Orthodox Theological School of Halki that have led to its closure by the Patriarchate, are also cited by human rights groups. This is curious, because the Patriarch of Tarnovo at that time was Theodosius II and there does not appear to have ever been a patriarch of Tarnovo by the name of Germanus. In 1054, the Pope in Rome and the Patriarch of Constantinople mutually excommunicated each other, marking the official start of the Great Schism. I do ask one favor to all my visitors... say a daily prayer rope for His All Holiness Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew and the entire patriarchal household which live under trying conditions in Istanbul, our sacred 'city' Constantinople. In the Middle Ages they played a major role in the affairs of the Eastern Orthodox Church, as well as in the politics of the Orthodox world, and in spreading Christianity among the Slavs. The see's ecclesiastical status as the second of five patriarchates were developed by the Ecumenical Councils of Constantinople in 381 and Chalcedon in 451. Because of the work of Ecumenical Patriarch Dimitrios, who established September 1 as the day for the protection of the environment,[32][33][34][35] and especially the ongoing work of the current patriarch, Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew has been given the title, "Green Patriarch". Website of Bartholomew, Archbishop of Constantinople New Rome and Ecumenical Patriarch. The ecumenical patriarch has no direct jurisdiction outside the Patriarchate of Constantinople granted to him in Orthodox canonical literature, but his primary function regarding the whole Orthodox Church is one of dealing with relations between autocephalous and autonomous churches. Such a title is acceptable if it refers to this unique role, but it sometimes leads to the mistaken belief that the office is thus the equivalent of an Orthodox pope. In his role as head of the Orthodox Church of Constantinople, he is known as the "archbishop of Constantinople, New Rome".[25]. "Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople". His father was a spatharios (lifeguard) named Sergius. The (arch)bishopric of Constantinople has had a continuous history since the founding of the city in AD 330 by Constantine the Great. The Decline of the Patriarchate of Constantinople by St. John of Shanghai and San Francisco. It promotes the expansion of the Christian faith and Orthodox doctrine, and the Ecumenical Patriarchs are involved in ecumenism and interfaith dialogue, charitable work, and the defense of Orthodox Christian traditions. In 2007, the patriarch gave his approval to the Ravenna Document, a Catholic–Orthodox document re-asserting that the bishop of Rome is indeed the prōtos ("first") of the Church, as in "first among equals" and not supreme, although future discussions are to be held on the concrete ecclesiological exercise of papal primacy. Saint Methodius, Patriarch of Constantinople Having a vocation to serve God, he went while still in his youth off to a monastery on the island of Chios and renovated it with his means. Pope Leo I refused to admit this canon, claiming it was invalid since it was made in the absence of his legates, again a controversial position. Check out all the broadcast times and some of our best videos and past episodes at our new website Istanbul, Turkey (CNN) -- Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew is the living … Christianity Knowledge Base is a FANDOM Lifestyle Community. The classic phrase is that the Patriarch of Constantinople is “primus inter pares”, first among equals. In the 6th century, the official title of the bishop became "Archbishop of Constantinople, New Rome, and Ecumenical Patriarch". Human rights groups, EU governments, and the U.S. government, have long protested against conditions placed by the government of Turkey on the Ecumenical Patriarch. Today, the Patriarchate of Constantinople is a subject of Muslim Turkey, does not have its own flock on the territory of this state, and is forced to live on money from the United States and to comply with the requirements of the State Department, even if they contradict the teachings of the Church, sacred canons, history and common sense. Autocephaly recognized universally de facto, by some Autocephalous Churches de jure: Autocephaly recognized by Constantinople and 3 other Autocephalous Churches: The ecumenical patriarch of Constantinople is first among equals, or first in honor among all Eastern Orthodox bishops, who presides in person—or through a delegate—over any council of Orthodox primates or bishops in which he takes part and serves as primary spokesman for the Orthodox communion especially in ecumenical contacts with other Christian denominations. His titles primus inter pares. Athos, officially the "Autonomous Monastic State of the Holy Mountain” (Ancient Greek: Αυτόνομη Μοναστικὴ Πολιτεία Ἁγίου Ὄρους), is a self-governed polity within the Greek state subject to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in its political aspect and to the ecumenical patriarch of Constantinopole as regards to its religious aspect[27] and is home to 20 monasteries and numerous other monastic communities. The term ecumenical in the title is a historical reference to the Ecumene, a Greek designation for the civilised world, i.e. The see of Byzantium, whose foundation was later ascribed to Andrew the Apostle, was originally a common bishopric. The ecumenical patriarchs in ancient times helped in the spread of Christianity and the resolution of various doctrinal disputes. He has no direct jurisdiction over the other patriarchs or the other autocephalousOrthodox churches, but he, alone among his fellow primat… Leo I refused to accept this canon, basing himself on the fact that it was made in the absence of his legates. The Ecumenical Patriarch and Archbishop of Constantinople, Bartholomew I, is the spiritual leader of some 300 million Orthodox Christians. The Patriarchate of Constantinople does not recognize the election of the new head of the Czechoslovakian Church, Archbishop Rostislav, following the resignation of Archbishop Christopher, “in connection with canonical violations during the election.” The Turkish government recognizes him as the spiritual leader of the Greek minority in Turkey, and refer to him as the Roman/Greek (literally Rûm) Orthodox patriarch of Fener (Turkish: Fener Rum Ortodoks Patriği). For example, the Ecumenical status accorded him within Eastern Orthodoxy, and recognized by the Ottoman governments, has on occasion been a source of controversy within the Republic of Turkey, which under its laws regarding religious minorities officially recognizes him as only the "Patriarch of Fener" (Fener is the district in Istanbul where his headquarters are located). [37] For many decades the heads of the church of Rome opposed this ambition, not because anyone thought of disputing their first place, but because they defended the 'Petrine principle' by which all Patriarchates were derived from Saint Peter and were unwilling to violate the old order of the hierarchy for political reasons. He is regarded as the representative and spiritual leader of Orthodox Christians worldwide. In 381, however, the First Council of Constantinople declared that: "The Bishop of Constantinople shall have the primacy of honour after the Bishop of Rome, because it is New Rome" (can. This primacy, expressed in canonical literature as presbeia ("prerogatives", literally: "seniorities"), grants to the ecumenical patriarch the right to preside at pan-Orthodox synods. The ecumenical patriarch has a unique role among Orthodox bishops, though it is not without its controversy. The Patriarchate was restored by the conquering ruler, Sultan Mehmed II, who wished to establish his dynasty as the direct heirs of the Eastern Roman emperors, and who adopted the imperial title Kayser-i-Rûm "caesar of the Romans", one of his subsidiary titles but a significant one. Thus, Archbishop Elpidophoros will not have to leave his apartments in the luxurious Archdiocese building in … According to Eastern Orthodox tradition, the first Bishop of Byzantium was Andrew the Apostle, brother of Simon Peter. Moscow Patriarchate spokesman Archpriest Igor Yakimchuk specifically noted that the Ecumenical Patriarchate’s churches are located in Istanbul and elsewhere in Turkey, on the Greek islands of Crete and the Dodecanese islands (which are separate Churches from the Church of Greece), as well as most of the Greek Orthodox Churches in Europe, the United States, Canada and Australia. His Holiness Orthodox Patriarch of Moscow and all Russia Cyril did not commemorate His All-Holiness Patriarch Bartholomew of Constantinople. According to Turkish law, still in force today, he is subject to the authority of the Republic of Turkey; however, Turkey allows the Standing Synod of Metropolitan Bishops to elect the patriarch. [28] Additionally, in 2005, the Ecumenical Patriarchate convoked a pan-Orthodox synod to express the Orthodox world's confirmation of the deposition of Patriarch Irenaios of Jerusalem. The purpose of the article is to portray the Patriarchate of Constantinople as a non-Christian force. Becoming a monk in the monastery on the island of the Strophades, he completed his theological studies on Patmos. The Orthodox Church is entirely decentralized: it has no central authority, earthly head, or single bishop in a leadership role. Take your favorite fandoms with you and never miss a beat. It is headed by the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople, currently Bartholomew I, Archbishop of Constantinople. The Patriarchy of Athenagoras (1948-1972) is a milestone in modern church history. This policy results in problems in the function of the patriarchate, since clergy coming from abroad are not eligible to apply for residence and work permits. [29] In 2006, the patriarchate was invited to hear the appeal of a Russian Orthodox bishop in the United Kingdom in a dispute with his superior in Moscow, though the result of that appeal – and the right to make it – were both rejected by the latter.[30]. xxviii). He is … He does not however have juridical power over the other patriarchates, because his is not the Petrine office. "Oecumenical Patriarch." The Moscow–Constantinople schism, also known as the Orthodox schism or Orthodox Church schism, is an ongoing schism which began on 15 October 2018 when the Russian Orthodox Church (ROC, also known as the Moscow Patriarchate) unilaterally severed full communion with the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople. Historically, the ecumenical patriarch has heard such appeals and sometimes was invited to intervene in other churches' disputes and difficulties. Human rights groups have long protested against conditions placed by the secular government of Turkey on the ecumenical patriarch, a religious office. CBS 60 Minutes featured on 20 December 2009 a segment entitled "The Patriarch Bartholomew", A repository with scientific papers on various aspects of the history of the Patriarchate in Byzantine times in English and in German, Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Alexandria, Coptic Catholic Patriarchate of Alexandria, Chaldean Catholic Patriarchate of Babylon, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ecumenical_Patriarch_of_Constantinople&oldid=1016916708, Short description is different from Wikidata, Official website different in Wikidata and Wikipedia, Articles containing Turkish-language text, Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from February 2013, Articles with dead external links from November 2020, Articles with permanently dead external links, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 9 April 2021, at 19:14. For many decades Roman popes opposed this ambition, not because anyone thought of disputing their first place, but because they were unwilling to change the old order of the hierarchy. The Council of Chalcedon in 451 established Constantinople as a patriarchate with jurisdiction over Asia Minor, and Thrace, appellate jurisdiction over canon law decisions by the other patriarchs; and the second place in primacy after Rome (can. The Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople holds the honorary title and is the closest thing to a counterpart to the Pope in the Roman Catholic Church. The monastic communities of Mount Athos are stauropegic and are directly under the jurisdiction of the ecumenical patriarch, who is the only bishop with jurisdiction thereover. This still occurs today, as when in 2006 the patriarchate was invited to assist in declaring the archbishop of the Church of Cyprus incompetent due to his having Alzheimer's disease. After meeting with the Ecumenical Patriarch, Dendias made the following statement: “It is a great joy and emotion today because I met His Holiness, the Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew. This role was carried out by ethnic Greeks with mixed success. For the Oriental Orthodox patriarch, see, "Ecumenical patriarch" redirects here. Today we will talk about these fateful events. In the eleventh century, this wonderful man began the battle against the claims of Papal supremacy, which led to the Great Schism of the Churches in 1054. Soon after the transfer of the Roman capital, the bishopric was elevated to an archbishopric. Patriarch, Latin Patriarcha, Greek Patriarchēs, title used for some Old Testament leaders (Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, and Jacob’s 12 sons) and, in some Christian churches, a title given to bishops of important sees.. Lebanese church patriarch wants direct talks with Hezbollah on making country 'neutral' Published Mon, Apr 19 2021 10:54 AM EDT Updated Mon, … The five patriarchs of the ancient Pentarchy (Rome, Constantinople, Alexandria, Antioch, and Jerusalem, in that order) are to be given seniority of honour, but have no actual power over other bishops other than the power of the synod they are chairing (and in which they also wield one vote). He is primus inter pares ("first among equals"), as he is senior among all Orthodox bishops. His titular position is Patriarch of the Orthodox Church of Constantinople, one of the sixteen autocephalous churches and one of the five patriarchal Christian centers comprising the ancient Pentarchy. New York: Oxford University Press. The Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople is one of the most enduring institutions in the world and has had a prominent part in world history. The communiqué, in part, states: 1. As nearly all Greek Orthodox have left Turkey (see Population exchange between Greece and Turkey and Istanbul Pogrom), this considerably narrows the field of candidates for succession. For the current patriarch, see. The Patriarchate of Constantinople and the organization presenting the award (Order of Saint Andrew the Apostle) are strongly against the abortion. The patriarch of Constantinople has been dubbed the ecumenical patriarch since the 6th century. The Council of Chalcedon in 451 established Constantinople as a patriarchate with ecclesiastical jurisdiction over Asia Minor (the dioceses of Asiane and Pontus) and Thrace as well as over the barbaric territories, non-converted lands outside the defined area of the Western Patriarchate (Old Rome) and the other three patriarchates, Alexandria, Antioch and Jerusalem, gave it appellate jurisdiction extraterritorially over canon law decisions by the other patriarchs and granted it honours equal to those belonging to the first Christian see, Rome, in terms of primacy, Rome retaining however its seniority (canon xxviii). The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church. The ecumenical patriarch (Greek: Οἰκουμενικός Πατριάρχης, romanized: Oikoumenikós Patriárchis; Turkish: Konstantinopolis ekümenik patriği) is the archbishop of Constantinople–New Rome and ranks as primus inter pares (first among equals) among the heads of the several autocephalous churches that make up the Eastern Orthodox Church. Since the establishment of modern Turkey, the position of the ecumenical patriarch has been filled by Turkish-born citizens of Greek ethnicity. In this capacity he is first in honor among all the Orthodox bishops, presides over any council of bishops in which he takes part and serves as primary spokesman for the communion, but has no jurisdiction over the other patriarchs or the other autocephalous Eastern Orthodox churches. Nonetheless, the prestige of the office continued to grow under the patronage of the Byzantine emperor. [31] According to Lumen Gentium, the patriarch is a validly consecrated bishop in Roman ecclesiology, and there is merely an imperfect ecclesial communion between Constantinople and Rome, which exists nevertheless and which may be improved at some point in history. Saint Methodius, Patriarch of Constantinople Having a vocation to serve God, he went while still in his youth off to a monastery on the island of Chios and renovated it with his means. Within the five apostolic sees of the Pentarchy, the ecumenical patriarch is regarded as the successor of Andrew the Apostle. Symeon Magister (“DeMich. His unique role often sees the ecumenical patriarch referred to as the spiritual leader[13][19] of the Orthodox Church in some sources, though this is not an official title of the patriarch nor is it usually used in scholarly sources on the patriarchate. In the 19th century, the rising tide of nationalism among the Balkan Christian nations led to the establishment of several autocephalous national churches, generally under autonomous Patriarchs or Archbishops, leaving the Ecumenical Patriarch only direct control over the Christians of Turkey and the archdioceses in America, Asia, Africa and Oceania where growing Greek and other migrant communities started to constitute a significant orthodox diaspora. The modern Turkish state still requires the Patriarch to be a Turkish citizen (though nearly all Orthodox now live outside the Turkish republic) but allows the Synod of Constantinople to elect him. Although the church was used by the patriarch, it was probably not yet the city's main church; when the emperor Theodosius invited the bishops to discuss the Nicene Creed (in 381), this First Council of Constantinopletook place in the Church of Divine Pe… iii). Popes Damasus and Gregory the Great refused to confirm this canon, a very unusual and controversial step, as Ecumenical Councils were considered binding on all Christian churches. See Main Article Church of Constantinople Structure The Church of Constantinople is headed by the Patriarch of Constantinopleand is split into a number of Metropolitanates as listed below. This Patriarch from Epirus, Greece with his discernment, his diligence, hard work and the spirit of love that distinguished him, gave new inspiration to the ecumenical mission of the Patriarchate of Constantinople. [38] To be electable, Turkish law requires the candidates to be Turkish citizens by birth. The situation is even worse today with the Patriarch of Constantinople receiving death threats daily and having to live behind barbed wire and security cameras. The patriarch was subject to the authority of the Ottoman Empire after the conquest of Constantinople in 1453, until the declaration of Turkish Republic in 1923. 'first among equals', and "ecumenical patriarch" are of honor rather than authority, and in fact the ecumenical patriarch has no real authority over churches other than the Constantinopolitan.[21][22][23][24]. As Constantine the Great had made Byzantium "New Rome" in 330, it was thought appropriate that its bishop, once a suffragan of Heraclea, should become second only to the Bishop of Old Rome. Since 1586 the patriarchate has been located in the Phanar, the northern section of Istanbul (formerly Constantinople), having lost both its cathedral of Hagia Sophia and its historic quarter to the Muslims. Several patriarchs were summarily executed by the Ottoman authorities, most notably Gregory V, who was barbarically lynched on Easter Monday 1821 in revenge for the outbreak of the Greek Revolution. The Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America, with its headquarters located in the City of New York, is an Eparchy of the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople, The mission of the Archdiocese is to proclaim the Gospel of Christ, to teach and spread the Orthodox Christian faith, to energize, cultivate, and guide the life of the Church in the United States of America according to the … 2005. – Apostolic Pilgrimage of Pope Francis and Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew to Jerusalem", "Mount Athos Home Page – Athos Map — Political Situation", Press Release for the election of Bishop Basil of Amphipolis, "TURKEY Divided in Ravenna, Russian and Estonian Orthodox to talk", "Orthodox Leader Deepens Progressive Stance on Environment", "Learn about the Controversial Theory of Environmental Determinism", "September 1: Greek Orthodox Day of Prayer on the Environment", EU Draft Report on Turkey's Progress Towards Accession 2006/2118 (INI), "Greek Foreign Ministry – Ecumenical Patriarchate". Vice President Al Gore welcomes the "Green Patriarch" to the Vice Presidential Residence in Washington, DC. Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople, http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/byzantium/texts/byzpatcp.html, http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2004/35489.htm, Lowenstein International Human Rights Center (Yale Law School) on Rights problems at the Patriarchate, United States Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe report on the Patriarchate, https://christianity.fandom.com/wiki/Patriarch_of_Constantinople?oldid=23218. The current holder of the office is Bartholomew I, the 270th bishop of that see.[20]. Thenceforth, the importance of the church there grew, along with the influence of its bishop. The excommunications were rescinded at the Second Vatican Council in 1965. April 10: Ottomans hang Gregory V, Patriarch of Constantinople by Gct. The Ecumenical Patriarch is also officially the "Spiritual Leader" of the "Autonomous Monastic State of Ayion Oros", also styled "Athonian Republic" on Mount Athos, making him the Head of that Autonomous State, which itself is part of Greece under international law. In the 6th century, the official title became that of "archbishop of Constantinople, New Rome, and ecumenical patriarch".[37]. The Ecumenical Patriarchate is also sometimes called the Greek Patriarchate of Constantinople to distinguish him from the Armenian Patriarchate and the extinct Latin Patriarchate, which was created after the Latin capture of Constantinople in 1204, during the Fourth Crusade.
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