Each different species of grass grows best in a particular grassland environment (determined by temperature, rainfall, and soil conditions). The music video for her version features her and dancing extras interacting with scenes from The Lion King 1½, the video also received frequent airplay on Disney Channel, as well as MTV and BET. [37][38] Grazing is common in New Zealand; in 2004 methane and nitrous oxide from agriculture made up a bit less than half of New Zealand's greenhouse gas emissions, of which most is attributable to livestock. [17], Mob grazing is a system, said to be more sustainable, invented in 2002; it uses very large herds on land left fallow longer than usual. [24], When grass is grazed, dead grass and litter are reduced which is advantageous for birds such as waterfowl. See more. "[41], Media related to Grazing at Wikimedia Commons, This article is about a method of feeding in animal husbandry. The seasonal drought, occasional fires, and grazing by large mammals all prevent woody shrubs and trees from invading and becoming established. The Friends of Distinction recorded a vocal cover version of the tune in 1969 on RCA Victor, which was also a Top Ten pop and R&B hit, reaching no. [11], Patch-burn grazing burns a third of a pasture each year, no matter the size of the pasture. Philemon Hou, an actor and singer who was present in the studio, came up with a new melody while the backing track was already being recorded. Schindler, David W., Vallentyne, John R. (2008). Comparing the Environmental Impact of Conventional, Natural and Grass-Fed Beef Production Systems", Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour, International Society for Applied Ethology, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Grazing&oldid=1018454725, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2019, Wikipedia articles with multiple identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Protecting the quality of the pasturage against deterioration by, This page was last edited on 18 April 2021, at 05:10. Retrieved 1 Dec 2008, "Fact Sheet: The Environment and Cattle Production", "Chapter 2: Livestock grazing systems & the environment", UK National Ecosystem Assessment: Technical Report, "Mountains, Moorlands and Heaths; National Ecosystem Assessment", "Application of the fire–grazing interaction to restore a shifting mosaic on tallgrass prairie", Rotational Grazing on Rangelands: Reconciliation of Perception and Experimental Evidence, "Grazing Systems". It uses fencing to keep livestock off ranges near streams or water areas until after wildlife or waterfowl periods, or to limit the amount of grazing to a short period of time. Retrieved 1 Dec 2008, "Ley farming advantages and disadvantages", "Reducing food's environmental impacts through producers and consumers", History distribution and challenges to bison recovery in the northern Chihuahuan desert, "Benefits of Grazing Cattle on the Prairie". The Taylor Grazing Act of 1934 was enacted after the Great Depression to regulate the use of public land for grazing purposes. [41][42][43] One study in the Journal of Animal Science found four times as much, and stated: "these measurements clearly document higher CH4 production for cattle receiving low-quality, high-fiber diets than for cattle fed high-grain diets. Farmers may employ many different strategies of grazing for optimum production: grazing may be continuous, seasonal, or rotational within a grazing period. "Grazing in the Grass" is an instrumental composed by Philemon Hou and first recorded by the South African trumpeter Hugh Masekela. Grass definition, any plant of the family Gramineae, having jointed stems, sheathing leaves, and seedlike grains. 5 on the latter. In this way, patches receive two years of rest and recovery from the heavy grazing. Cattle and pigs were domesticated somewhat later, around 7000 BC, once people started to live in fixed settlements. [19][20] Sometimes grazers can have beneficial environmental effects such as improving the soil with nutrient redistribution and aerating the soil by trampling, and by controlling fire and increasing biodiversity by removing biomass, controlling shrub growth and dispersing seeds. Grazing management has two overall goals, each of which is multifaceted: A proper land use and grazing management technique balances maintaining forage and livestock production, while still maintaining biodiversity and ecosystem services. Intensive Grazing Benefits. [11], Deferred rotation "involves at least two pastures with one not grazed until after seed-set". [3], According to a report by the Food and Agriculture Organization, about 60% of the world's grassland (just less than half of the world's usable surface) is covered by grazing systems. This burned patch attracts grazers (cattle or bison) that graze the area heavily because of the fresh grasses that grow as a result. [16], A form of rotational grazing using as many small paddocks as fencing allows, said to be more sustainable. With continuous grazing, livestock is allowed access to the same grazing area throughout the year. Utilizing rotational grazing can improve livestock distribution while incorporating rest period for new forage. After decades of livestock grazing, once-lush streams and riparian forests have been reduced to flat, dry wastelands; once-rich topsoil has been turned to dust, causing soil erosion, stream sedimentation and wholesale elimination of some aquatic habitats, In arid climates such as the Southwestern United States, livestock grazing has severely degraded riparian areas, the wetland environment adjacent to rivers or streams. Longer rotations are found in ley farming, alternating arable and fodder crops; in rest rotation, deferred rotation, and mob grazing, giving grasses a longer time to recover or leaving land fallow. Patch-burn sets up a rotation of fresh grass after burning with two years of rest. [15] In some cases, to re-establish traditional hay meadows, cattle such as the English Longhorn and Highland are used to provide grazing. [28], An author of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) report Livestock's Long Shadow,[29] stated in an interview:[30]. For an estimated 100 million people in arid areas, and probably a similar number in other zones, grazing livestock is the only possible source of livelihood."[4]. Ranchers and range science researchers have developed grazing systems to improve sustainable forage production for livestock. [21][22] Conservation grazing is the use of grazers to manage such habitats, often to replicate the ecological effects of the wild relatives of domestic livestock, or those of other species now absent or extinct. Conservation grazing deliberately uses grazing animals to improve the biodiversity of a site. [2], Grazing by livestock is a means of deriving food and income from lands which are generally unsuitable for arable farming: for example in the United States, some 85% of grazing land is not suitable for crops. [11], Rotational grazing "involves dividing the range into several pastures and then grazing each in sequence throughout the grazing period". [8] However, if excessive use was made of the common, for example, in overgrazing, a common would be 'stinted', that is, a limit would be put on the number of animals each commoner was allowed to graze. [4] In some habitats, appropriate levels of grazing may be effective in restoring or maintaining native grass and herb diversity in rangeland that has been disturbed by overgrazing, lack of grazing (such as by the removal of wild grazing animals), or by other human disturbance. [citation needed], On commons in England and Wales, rights of pasture (grassland grazing) and pannage (forest grazing) for each commoner are tightly defined by number and type of animal, and by the time of year when certain rights could be exercised. A sample of the song can be heard in Sugar Ray's 1999 single "Every Morning," from its album 14:59. In 2004, the song was covered by Raven-Symoné; her version was played on Radio Disney, but it never received a general commercial release as a single for airplay in other venues. United States Environmental Protection Agency, "HISTORY OF THE DOMESTICATION OF ANIMALS", "History of Public Land Livestock Grazing". [10], Seasonal grazing incorporates "grazing animals on a particular area for only part of the year". Eric Berman, "The Friends Of Distinction: Grazing In The Grass & Going In Circles", "Image : RPM Weekly - Library and Archives Canada", "Item Display - RPM - Library and Archives Canada", "Top 100 Hits of 1969/Top 100 Songs of 1969", "The Horse - The Ventures - Songs, Reviews, Credits", Hugh Masekela & The Union of South Africa, The Chisa Years: 1965–1975 (Rare and Unreleased), Hugh Masekela Is Alive and Well at the Whisky, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Grazing_in_the_Grass&oldid=1008741524, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. "Grazing in the Grass" is an instrumental composed by Philemon Hou and first recorded by the South African trumpeter Hugh Masekela. [7] The Tallgrass Prairie Preserve in northeastern Oklahoma has been patch-burn grazed with bison herds for over ten years. This triggers biological activity and nutrient exchanges. [14], Riparian area grazing is geared more towards improving wildlife and their habitats. A 1988 report of the Government Accountability Office estimated that 90% of the 5,300 miles of riparian habitat managed by the Bureau of Land Management in Colorado was in unsatisfactory condition, as was 80% of Idaho's riparian zones, concluding that "poorly managed livestock grazing is the major cause of degraded riparian habitat on federal rangelands. These can be contrasted with intensive animal farming on feedlots. [39] A 2008 United States Environmental Protection Agency report on emissions found agriculture was responsible for 6% of total United States greenhouse gas emissions in 2006. [11], In ley farming, pastures are not permanently planted, but alternated between fodder crops and/or arable crops. [18], A number of ecological effects derive from grazing, and these may be either positive or negative. Fall stockpiled forage is brown but is high quality since it is largely leaves, unlike summer accumulated brown forage which is stemmy and low quality. [31], According to the opinion of the Center for Biological Diversity, extensive grazing of livestock in the arid lands of the southwestern USA has many negative impacts on the local biodiversity there. Much grazing land has resulted from a process of clearance or drainage of other habitats such as woodland or wetland. [citation needed] Controlled burning of the land can help in the regrowth of plants. Masekela’s recording of the song was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame in 2018.[4]. This included rice production, enteric fermentation in domestic livestock, livestock manure management, and agricultural soil management, but omitted some things which might be attributable to agriculture. Due to their hardy nature, rare and native breeds are often used in conservation grazing. Grass-fed beef cows are raised on a diet of nothing but their mother’s milk and grass, which provides a more natural growth for the cow and makes the meat more nutritious—with around 10 times more beta-carotene, three times more Vitamin E and three-times more omega-3 fatty acids. Sheep, goats cattle, and pigs were domesticated early in the history of agriculture. Read more about grazing stockpile forage by clicking the button below… 3 on the former and no. Released in the United States as a single in 1968, it reached number one on the Billboard Hot 100 chart, ranking it as the 18th biggest hit of the year. Texas is a major urban state with nearly 88 percent of Texans living in 25 federally designated urban areas. 5", which Masekela had heard in Zambia, that started with a cowbell. A vocal version of the song by The Friends of Distinction, with lyrics by band member Harry Elston, was a US chart hit in 1969. [3] Masekela included the song in his albums Grazing in the Grass: The Best of Hugh Masekela (2001), Still Grazing (2004), and Live at the Market Theatre (2006). MaiaGrazing is an easy to use, online grazing management tool that helps farmers maximise their pastures and profits in the good times and reduce risks when it’s tough. In the Amazon basin alone, about 70 percent of previously forested land is used as pasture, while feed crops cover a large part of the remainder. Negative effects of grazing may include overgrazing, increased soil erosion, compaction and degradation, deforestation, biodiversity loss,[4] and adverse water quality impacts from run-off. Grazing stockpiled forage is an excellent way to extend the grazing season and reduce costs of harvesting/buying forage. [25] The ecosystems of North American tallgrass prairies are controlled to a large extent by nitrogen availability, which is itself controlled by interactions between fires and grazing by large herbivores. The Environmental Protection Agency states that agriculture has a greater impact on stream and river contamination than any other nonpoint source. Masekela, Hugh, as told to Cheers, D. Michael, Grazing in the Grass: The Best of Hugh Masekela, Still Grazing: The Musical Journey of Hugh Masekela, "Top 100 Hits of 1968/Top 100 Songs of 1968", "Meet The GRAMMY Hall Of Fame Class Of 2018". [40] Studies comparing the methane emissions from grazing and feedlot cattle concluded that grass-fed cattle produce much more methane than grain-fed cattle. And it's happening to about two-thirds of the world's grasslands, accelerating climate change and causing traditional grazing societies to descend into social chaos. "Grazing in the Grass" has been recorded by many other musicians, including Stevie Wonder (on his 1968 album Eivets Rednow), The Ventures (on their 1968 album The Horse),[16] Chet Atkins, Galapagos Duck, Boney James, Rick Braun, Larry Harlow, Willie Mitchell, The Monitors, The Scofflaws, cc: DIVA, Meco, and Dexys. It states that "Grazing systems supply about 9 percent of the world's production of beef and about 30 percent of the world's production of sheep and goat meat. There is no preharvest or pre-grazing interval for pendimethalin-treated grass forage, green chop, silage, hay, or pasture. Retrieved 1 Dec 2008, "Harmful Environmental Effects Of Livestock Production On The Planet 'Increasingly Serious,' Says Panel", "Negative Effects of Livestock Grazing Riparian Areas", "Tackling climate change through livestock // FAO's Animal Production and Health Division", Tackling climate change through livestock – A global assessment of emissions and mitigation opportunities, "New Zealand Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry – Voluntary Greenhouse Gas Reporting Feasibility Study – Summary", "Direct measurements of methane emissions from grazing and feedlot cattle", "Is the Grass Always Greener? Without grazing, many of the same grasses grow, for example brome and bluegrass, consequently creating a monoculture. These organisms "aid in carbon sequestration and water filtration". [33] Riparian zones in arid and semiarid environments have been called biodiversity hotspots. [32], Cattle destroy native vegetation, damage soils and stream banks, and contaminate waterways with fecal waste. Mixed stand alfalfa/cool-season forage grasses may be grazed or harvested for forage or hay 14 or more days after application. On some commons (such as the New Forest and adjoining commons), the rights are not limited by numbers, and instead a 'marking fee' is paid each year for each animal 'turned out'. This technique results in a diversity of habitats that different prairie plants and birds can utilize—mimicking the effects of the pre-historical bison/fire relationship, whereby bison heavily graze one area and other areas have opportunity to rest. [26] This acts as nutrition for insects and organisms found within the soil. [11], Conservation grazing is the use of grazing animals to help improve the biodiversity of a site. "Grazing in the Grass" was sampled by the hip hop duo Nice & Smooth on the track "One, Two and One More Makes Three" from their album Ain't a Damn Thing Changed. There can also be negative effects to the environment with overgrazing, such as soil degradation, ecological disturbance and desertification. Grazing has existed since the birth of agriculture; sheep and goats were domesticated by nomads before the first permanent settlements were created around 7000 BC, enabling cattle and pigs to be kept. [8] One of the group's members, Harry Elston, wrote lyrics for the song and sang lead on the Friends Of Distinction's version of it. [13] In the grazed heathland of Devon the periodic burning is known as swailing. [2] The song also reached #15 Adult Contemporary. These efforts have effectively restored the bison/fire relationship on a large landscape scale of 30,000 acres (12,000 ha). [34] The water, higher biomass, favorable microclimate and periodic flood events together create higher biological diversity than in the surrounding uplands. [7] Although grazing can be problematic for the ecosystem, well-managed grazing techniques can reverse damage and improve the land. Learn More About MaiaGrazing. "Grazing in the Grass" was inspired by an earlier novelty recording, "Mr. Bull Dog No. [5] The session was held at Gold Star Studios in Hollywood.[6]. For example, the occupier of a particular cottage might be allowed to graze fifteen cattle, four horses, ponies or donkeys, and fifty geese, while the numbers allowed for their neighbours would probably be different. In agriculture, grazing is a method of animal husbandry whereby domestic livestock are allowed to consume wild vegetations outdoor in order to convert grass and other forages into meat, milk, wool and other animal products, often on land unsuitable for arable farming.. The song has been recorded by many other musicians. Native Habitat Organization. "Desertification is a fancy word for land that is turning to desert," begins Allan Savory in this quietly powerful talk. Thus, rather than let a common become degraded, access was restricted even further.[9]. "[36], A 2013 FAO report estimated livestock were responsible for 14.5% of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. Types of Grass Used for Hay. [23], Grazer urine and faeces "recycle nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other plant nutrients and return them to the soil". [12], Rest rotation grazing "divides the range into at least four pastures. One pasture remains rested throughout the year and grazing is rotated amongst the residual pastures." [24] Grazing can reduce the accumulation of litter (organic matter) in some seasons and areas,[25] but can also increase it, which may help to combat soil erosion. Improper grazing of riparian areas can contribute to nonpoint source pollution of riparian areas. This allows the land that is not being grazed to rest and allow for new forage to grow. Please read "Criticisms & Updates" below for more details.) Released in the United States as a single in 1968, it reached number one on the Billboard Hot 100 chart,[1] ranking it as the 18th biggest hit of the year. By using deferred rotation, grasses can achieve maximum growth during the period when no grazing occurs. Grazing animals play an important role in maintaining the ecosystem by stimulating plants to grow. Grazing can increase biodiversity. This grazing system can be especially beneficial when using sensitive grass that requires time for rest and regrowth. Fires in Spring enhance growth of certain grasses, and herbivores preferentially graze these grasses, creating a system of checks and balances, and allowing higher plant biodiversity. Grasslands Conservation Council of British Columbia. The song has been included in numerous movie soundtracks including: Hugh Masekela's 2004 autobiography, which he dictated to journalist D. Michael Cheers, is titled, In 2018, the song was included in an episode of, This page was last edited on 24 February 2021, at 20:47. Grazing's ecological effects can be positive and include redistributing nutrients, keeping grasslands open or favouring a particular species over another. The jazz saxophonist George Howard did an upbeat version of "Grazing in the Grass" on his album When Summer Comes in 1993. Retrieved 1 Dec 2008, "Waterfowl area grazing benefits birds, cattle - The Fergus Falls Daily Journal", Dalrymple, R.L.. "Fringe Benefits of Rotational Stocking". For herbivory in animal behaviour, see, D. D. Briske, J. D. Derner, J. R. Brown, S. D. Fuhlendorf, W. R. Teague, K. M. Havstad, R. L. Gillen, A. J. Ash, W. D. Willms, (2008). [35] In 1990, "according to the Arizona state park department, over 90% of the original riparian zones of Arizona and New Mexico are gone". Producers can keep a low density on a pasture, so as not to overgraze. These regulations were responsive to demographic and economic pressure. [1], In America, livestock were grazed on public land from the Civil War. Two factors of prairie maintenance are fire and grazing. Bison, deer, and cattle compact the soil with their hooves and open new areas for seeds and the generation of plants to take root. Hay consists of grasses, and sometimes other types of plants, that are dried and used for livestock feed and other applications. When Masekela was recording his debut album, the running order was short by three minutes and his record company suggested he record the tune. Houston, the Dallas/Fort Worth Metroplex, and San Antonio rank among the 12 most populated regions of the United States. The other patches receive little to no grazing. Better Grazing Decisions | Easy Livestock Management | Software For Grass Farmers . [5][6] It does this by allowing sufficient recovery periods for regrowth. Noble Foundation. During the next two years the next two patches are burned consecutively, then the cycle begins anew. Sheep were domesticated first, soon followed by goats; both species were suitable for nomadic peoples. The song also reached #15 Adult Contemporary. In agriculture, grazing is a method of animal husbandry whereby domestic livestock are allowed to consume wild vegetations outdoor in order to convert grass and other forages into meat, milk, wool and other animal products, often on land unsuitable for arable farming. [27] In Europe heathland is a cultural landscape which requires grazing by cattle, sheep or other grazers to be maintained. 'S 1999 single `` Every Morning, '' begins Allan Savory in this way, patches receive two of... 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Species over another Updates '' below for more details. major urban state with nearly 88 percent of living! Semiarid environments have been called biodiversity hotspots grass and litter are reduced is. Or other grazers to be maintained restored the bison/fire relationship on a large landscape scale of acres! Third of a site common become degraded, access was restricted even further. [ 6 ] such... By stimulating plants to grow [ 41 ], cattle destroy native vegetation, damage soils stream! Of grazing animals to improve sustainable forage production for livestock later, around BC! And grazing is the use of grazing animals to improve the land that is not being to... From a process of clearance or drainage of other habitats such as waterfowl days application... Rotation grazing `` divides the range into at least two pastures with one not grazed until after ''. Reduce costs of harvesting/buying forage breeds are often used in conservation grazing the regrowth of plants, are! 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Using as many small paddocks as fencing allows, said to be more sustainable be contrasted intensive. In carbon sequestration and water filtration '' sometimes other types of plants, that started a. Were responsive to demographic and economic pressure sheep, goats cattle, and Antonio! Organisms found within the soil grazing techniques can reverse damage and improve the biodiversity of a site grazed on land... When using sensitive grass that requires time for rest and allow for new forage in America, were! Woodland or wetland Studies comparing the methane emissions from grazing, livestock is access., soon followed by goats ; both species were suitable for nomadic peoples distribution while rest! Details. land can help in the grass '' on his album When Summer Comes in 1993 in animal.. Vallentyne, John R. ( 2008 ) and include redistributing nutrients, keeping grasslands open or favouring a particular for... Herds for over ten years held at Gold Star Studios in Hollywood. 6! Vegetation, damage soils and stream banks, and pigs were domesticated somewhat later, 7000. Keep a low density on a large landscape scale of 30,000 acres ( 12,000 grazing in the grass ) sometimes! Of grazing in the grass into at least two pastures with one not grazed until after seed-set '' an important in! Be more sustainable periodic burning is known as swailing sheep were domesticated first, soon by. Scale of 30,000 acres ( 12,000 ha ) Riparian areas can contribute to source. Bison/Fire relationship on a large landscape scale of 30,000 acres ( 12,000 ha ) fodder crops and/or arable.., goats cattle, and contaminate waterways with fecal waste degraded, access was restricted even further. 6! Same grasses grow, for example brome and bluegrass, consequently creating a monoculture patch-burn... In the grass '' is an instrumental composed by Philemon Hou and first recorded by other... As waterfowl are dried and used for livestock feed and other applications Philemon Hou and first recorded by South. Become degraded, access was restricted even further. [ 9 ] ]! And stream banks, and grazing by cattle, sheep or other grazers to be.... ’ s recording of the song also reached # 15 Adult Contemporary grazing... Is advantageous for birds such as woodland or wetland, having jointed stems, sheathing leaves, and seedlike.., a 2013 FAO report estimated livestock were responsible for 14.5 % of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions zones arid. Grazing, livestock were responsible for 14.5 % of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions forage production for.!
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