There "the child grew and became strong, and was filled with wisdom, and the grace of God was on him." [82] To deal with this issue, Aquinas distinguishes between the person born and the nature in which the birth takes place. [49], Following the Protestant Reformation, many of the new denominations, including the Anglican Church and Lutheran Church, continued to celebrate Christmas. The nativity sequences included in the Gospels of Matthew and Luke prompted early Christian writers to suggest various dates for the anniversary. [128] A prominent phrase from the tale, "Merry Christmas", was popularized following the appearance of the story. Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, 2nd series, Vol XIV p. 207, translated edition by H.R. "Adeste Fideles" (O Come all ye faithful) appears in its current form in the mid-18th century, although the words may have originated in the 13th century. "Christmas" is a shortened form of "Christ's mass". an ascetic; or may refer to Isaiah 11:1. [105], The modern popular image of Santa Claus, however, was created in the United States, and in particular in New York. ", etc. Advised by the chief priests and teachers, Herod sent the Magi to Bethlehem, where they worshiped the child and gave him gifts. [110], Pauline writings established among early Christians the Kyrios image, and attributes of Jesus as not only referring to his eschatological victory, but to him as the "divine image" (Greek εἰκών eikōn) in whose face the glory of God shines forth. The best known of these figures today is red-dressed Santa Claus, of diverse origins. [5][6][7], The Gospels of both Matthew and Luke place the birth of Jesus in Bethlehem. He suggested the Virgin Mary as the "second Eve" and wrote that the Virgin Mary had "untied the knot of sin bound up by the virgin Eve" and that just as Eve had tempted Adam to disobey God, Mary had set a path of obedience for the second Adam (i.e. [92], Christmas during the Middle Ages was a public festival that incorporated ivy, holly, and other evergreens. [32] Xmas is an abbreviation of Christmas found particularly in print, based on the initial letter chi (Χ) in Greek Khrīstos (Χριστός), "Christ", though numerous style guides discourage its use. Also, some Byzantine Rite Catholics and Byzantine Rite Lutherans. [135], In America, interest in Christmas had been revived in the 1820s by several short stories by Washington Irving which appear in his The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent. By 390 the feast was also held in Iconium on that day. [152][156][157][158][159] While Géza Vermes and E. P. Sanders dismiss the accounts as pious fiction, Raymond E. Brown sees them as having been constructed from historical traditions which predate the Gospels. [50], Dickens sought to construct Christmas as a family-centered festival of generosity, linking "worship and feasting, within a context of social reconciliation. He, Adam, established these festivals for the sake of Heaven, but they, the gentiles of later generations, established them for the sake of idol worship.[68]. [66], Gemara 8a.7: With regard to the dates of these festivals, the Sages taught: When Adam the first man saw that the day was progressively diminishing, as the days become shorter from the autumnal equinox until the winter solstice, he did not yet know that this is a normal phenomenon, and therefore he said: Woe is me; perhaps because I sinned the world is becoming dark around me and will ultimately return to the primordial state of chaos and disorder. [152][174], Christmas, the Feast of the Nativity of Our Lord, History of feasts and liturgical elements, Virgin Birth of Chris by J Gresham Machen 1987. The scribe who added it wrote: It was a custom of the Pagans to celebrate on the same 25 December the birthday of the Sun, at which they kindled lights in token of festivity. In the 2nd century Church Father Irenaeus writes: "When He became incarnate and was made man, He commenced afresh the long line of human beings, and furnished us, in a brief, comprehensive manner, with salvation; so that what we had lost in Adam – namely to be according to the image and likeness of God – that we might recover in Christ Jesus. Hong Kong); in others, Christian minorities or foreign cultural influences have led populations to observe the holiday. "The old puritan feeling prevents it from being a cheerful, hearty holiday; though every year makes it more so. 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